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Table 1 Genetic diseases featured by Müllerian, renal and skeletal malformations: similarities and differences with MRKH syndrome/MURCS association.

From: The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (congenital absence of uterus and vagina) – phenotypic manifestations and genetic approaches

MRKH/MURCS

Klippel-Feil

VATER

FAV spectrum

Winter synd.

HRA

OMIM 277000/601076

OMIM 148860

OMIM 192350

OMIM 164210

OMIM 267400

OMIM 191830

uterus aplasia

 

uterus aplasia

uterus aplasia

 

uterus malform.

vaginal aplasia

 

vag. aplasia atresia (1)

vaginal aplasia

vaginal atresia (1)

vaginal malform.

kidney malform. (2)

kidney malform. (2)

kidney malform. (2)

kidney malform. (2)

renal agenesis (3)

renal agenesis (3)

short neck

short/web neck

    

scoliosis

scoliosis

    

other vert. defects

other vert. defects

other vert. defects

other vert. defects

  

rib defects

rib defects

rib defects

   

thumb hypoplasia

 

thumb hypoplasia

thumb hypoplasia

  
  

radius hypoplasia

   
  

polydactyly

   

deafness

deafness

 

deafness

deafness

 

malf. ext. ears

 

malf. ext. ears

malf. ext. ears

  
   

low set ears

  

facial asymmetry

facial asymmetry

 

facial asymmetry

  
   

malar hypoplasia

  
   

maxilary hypoplas.

  

micrognathia

  

micrognathia

  
   

macrostomia

  
   

strabismus

  
   

microphtalmos

  
   

iris coloboma

  
   

glaucoma

  

cleft lip/palate

cleft palate w/o lip

 

cleft lip/palate

  
   

cleft tongue

  
  

single ombilic artery

   
  

anal atresia

   
  

trach-oesoph. fistula

   

cardiac defects

cardiac defects

cardiac defects

cardiac defects

  
  1. Frequency of malformations is indicated as follow: very frequent occasional rarely observed
  2. (1): vaginal atresia affects the lower part of the vagina and is far different from vaginal aplasia found in MRKH/MURCS and which affects the upper (~2/3) part of the vagina.
  3. (2): kidney malformations include unilateral agenesis, ectopia of one or both kidneys, horseshoe kidney. Bilateral agenesis can be found post mortem.
  4. (3): unilateral or bilateral renal agenesis.