Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the trial groups (mean ± sd or frequency and %)
Intervention | Control | p value | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 34 | 38 | ||
Age of the mother at delivery (years) | 28.7 (4.2) | 29.1 (3.6) | 0.65 1 | - |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kilograms) | 64.2 (9.7) | 61.7 (7.2) | 0.22 1 | 3, 1 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 (3.4) | 22.2 (2.1) | 0.12 1 | 3, 1 |
Range | 19.7 to 33.2 | 17.6 to 26.2 | ||
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.17 4 | 3, 1 | ||
<25 (kg/m2) | 24 (77.4%) | 33 (89.2%) | ||
25-29.9 | 4 (12.9%) | 4 (10.8%) | ||
30- | 3 (9.7%) | - | ||
Gestational weight gain (kilograms) | 13.6 (5.1) | 14.1 (4.5) | 0.69 1 | 3, 1 |
Weight gain recommendations during pregnancy | 0.59 3 | 3, 1 | ||
Lower | 11 (35.5%) | 12 (32.4%) | ||
At the range of the recommendations | 9 (29.0%) | 15 (40.6%) | ||
Higher | 11 (35.5%) | 10 (27.0%) | ||
Education | 0.25 3 | 2, 0 | ||
Low | 8 (25.0%) | 11 (28.9%) | ||
Medium | 7 (21.9%) | 3 (7.9%) | ||
High | 17 (53.1%) | 24 (63.2%) | ||
Employed | 28 (84.8%) | 30 (78.9%) | 0.52 3 | 1, 0 |
Ever smokers | 18 (54.5%) | 18 (48.6%) | 0.62 3 | 1, 1 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.3%) | 0.50 4 | 4, 0 |
Gestational age (days) | 278.8 (10.7) | 278.6 (8.4) | 0.92 1 | 1, 1 |
Sex of the child – boy | 16 (47.1%) | 18 (47.4%) | 0.98 3 | - |
Birthweight (grams) | 3399 (313) | 3388 (443) | 0.91 1 | - |
Proportion of children with SGA | 2 (6.1%) | 5 (13.2%) | 0.32 3 | 1, 0 |
Proportion of children with LGA | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | 1, 0 |
Macrosomia, birthweight > 4,000 g | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (13.2%) | 0.056 4 | - |
Breastfeeding (no other nutrition) (months) | 4.4 (1.6) | 4.5 (1.7) | 0.66 2 | 0, 1 |
Partial breastfeeding (months) | 7.2 (5.7) | 7.5 (6.0) | 0.95 2 | 0, 1 |
Age of the child receiving solid foods (months) | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.0) | 0.90 1 | 0, 1 |