Table 2 Main pharmacokinetic parameters of three drugs described by their name (overt) or as placebo (covert)
From: Does the placebo effect modulate drug bioavailability? Randomized cross-over studies of three drugs
| Â | Cephalexin | Ibuprofen | Paracetamol | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Overt | Covert | P value | Overt | Covert | P value | Overt | Covert | P value |
AUCT (μg.hr./ml) | 68.53 ± 26.39 | 67.20 ± 24.96 | 0.47 | 104.38 ± 20.08 | 101.43 ± 21.82 | 0.27 | 18.48 ± 3.98 | 18.52 ± 3.68 | 0.62 |
AUCI (μg.hr./ml) | 71.11 ± 28.04 | 69.61 ± 25.77 | 0.46 | 109.40 ± 20.45 | 109.65 ± 21.54 | 0.99 | 19.04 ± 4.11 | 19.07 ± 3.79 | 0.65 |
Cmax (μg/ml) | 40.16 ± 16.51 | 39.32 ± 17.01 | 0.68 | 31.97 ± 6.53 | 29.17 ± 10.34 | 0.08 | 5.72 ± 1.74 | 6.08 ± 1.62 | 0.16 |
Tmax (hr) | 1.11 ± 0.42 | 1.09 ± 0.49 | 0.82 | 1.86 ± 0.90 | 2.02 ± 1.21 | 0.58 | 1.01 ± 0.66 | 0.94 ± 0.62 | 0.45 |
λ (hr −1) | 0.68 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 0.99 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.052 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.51 |
t½ (hr) | 1.07 ± 0.23 | 1.07 ± 0.23 | 0.99 | 1.85 ± 0.53 | 2.11 ± 0.74 | 0.052 | 2.33 ± 0.35 | 2.35 ± 0.35 | 0.51 |
Cmax/AUCI (hr −1) | 0.57 ± 0.12 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 0.86 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.10 | 0.14 |
AUCT/AUCI | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.84 | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.74 |
AUCOverttmax (μg.hr./ml) | 17.87 ± 10.91 | 19.98 ± 15.56 | 0.73 | 22.65 ± 9.84 | 24.69 ± 25.77 | 0.04 | 2.51 ± 2.11 | 3.02 ± 2.90 | 0.10 |