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Table 3 ES at rest in the patients who were ES-positive during Valsalva

From: Lack of association between right-to-left shunt and cerebral ischemia after adjustment for gender and age

Stroke Subtypes

ES-Positive at Rest, n (%)

ES-Negative at Rest, n (%)

Difference P-value

   Male patients (n = 140)

   

   Atherothrombotic

8 (50.0)

8 (50.0)

1.000

   Cardioembolic

16 (57.1)

12 (42.9)

0.291

   Lacunar

13 (40.6)

19 (59.4)

0.427

   Other

2 (57.1)

5 (42.9)

0.447

   Unknown

27 (47.4)

30 (52.6)

1.000

Female patients (n = 114)

   

   Atherothrombotic

6 (40.0)

9 (60.0)

1.000

   Cardioembolic

10 (52.6)

9 (47.4)

0.201

   Lacunar

8 (38.1)

13 (61.9)

1.000

   Other

4 (50.0)

4 (50.0)

0.709

   Unknown

16 (31.4)

35 (68.6)

0.179